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Subhash Chandra Bose (1897 - 1945)
He was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, then in Bengal Province.
He completed his education in Calcutta and acquired a degree in philosophy.
He got selected for the Indian Civil Services (ICS) but refused to take up service since he did not want to serve the British government.
He was the President of the All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of the Bengal State Congress.
Bose joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1921.
In 1924, he became the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation.
Bose, who coined the term ‘Jai Hind’ also started a newspaper called ‘Swaraj’.
He advocated complete Swaraj and was in favour of the use of force to gain it.
Bose was sent to prison in Mandalay for nationalist activities in 1925. He was released in 1927 and became the Indian National Congress general secretary.
In 1930, he became the Mayor of Calcutta.
Bose won the 1939 Indian National Congress Presidential election by defeating Gandhiji backed candidate Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya. However, Bose resigned due to differences with Gandhi's supporters.
He formed the All India Forward Bloc in 1939 as a faction within the Congress.
He was arrested when he organised protests in Calcutta for the removal of the monument memorialising the Black Hole of Calcutta.
He made his escape from the country in 1941 to Germany via Afghanistan and the Soviet Union.
There, he met with the Nazi leaders and hoped to stage an armed struggle against the British to gain independence.
He founded the Indian Legion out of about 4500 Indian soldiers who were in the British army and had been taken prisoners by the Germans from North Africa.
In 1943, he left Germany for Japan disillusioned with German support for Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) which had been formed earlier with Japanese help..
Bose’s arrival in Japan revived the Indian National Army.
Azad Hind or the Provisional Government of Free India was established with Bose as its head. Its headquarters was in Singapore and INA was its military.
Bose motivated the troops with his fiery speeches. His famous quote is, “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!”
The INA supported the Japanese army in its invasion of northeast India and also took control of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. However, they were forced to retreat by the British forces.
Bose authored the book ‘The Indian Struggle’ which covers the Indian independence movement from 1920 to 1942. The book was banned by the British government.
Bose died of third-degree burns which he suffered in a plane crash in Taiwan on 18 August 1945.
The Mukherjee Commission (2005) said that Bose’s death could not be proved. This report was rejected by the government.
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