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Motilal Nehru (1861 - 1931)
He Motilal Nehru was born on 6th May 1861 at Agra.
His father, who died 3 months before Nehru's birth, was Kotwal of Delhi under the Mughal Empire.
Nehru was raised by his elder brother Nandlal, who worked as a scribe in Jaipur.
Motilal studied at Allahabad and passed the High Court exam in 1883. He also went to the Cambridge University and qualified as a barrister.
He then commenced his legal career in Kanpur and later at Allahabad.
He joined the Indian National Congress and served as its president twice, for the first time in 1919 (Amritsar session) and then in 1928 (Calcutta session).
In 1919, he launched a daily ‘The Independent’.
He was also the president of the Allahabad branch of Annie Besant’s Home Rule League.
In 1918, he parted ways with the moderate faction of the Congress and demanded radical reforms from the government.
In 1920, he resigned from the United Provinces Council of which he was a member.
He, along with C R Das, formed a new party in 1923 called the Swarajya Party citing several differences with the Congress Party.
From 1925, it functioned as a wing of the Congress itself.
In 1923, Nehru became a member of the new Central Legislative Assembly at New Delhi. He was in fact, the leader of the opposition.
In that role, he was able to delay a few finance bills which were not wholly in the country’s interests.
In the aftermath of the Indian leaders’ opposition to the Simon Commission, the Secretary of State for India, Lord Birkenhead challenged Indians to draw up a constitution.
The Indian leaders accepted this challenge, and appointed a committee to draft the constitution. This committee was chaired by Motilal Nehru and Jawaharlal was its secretary.
The constitution prepared by this committee was called the Nehru Report and it was submitted at an all-party session in Lucknow in August 1928.
This became the first attempt by Indians to frame a constitution for themselves.
From 1929, Nehru’s ill-health prevented him from taking part in the freedom movement.
He was arrested after the salt Satyagraha but was released soon after owing to his health.
In 1931, he died at Lucknow aged 69.
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