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Charles Wood was the President of the Board of Control (Introduced through Pitt’s India Act, 1784) of English East India Company. He had also been the Secretary of the state of India. In 1854 he sent a despatch to Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India. Wood's Despatch promoted education rejecting the ‘Downward Filtration Theory‘.
Wood’s Despatch is called Magnacarta of English Education in India. It placed the responsibility of education of the Indian people fully on the company. Following are the important features of this Despatch of 1854:
Creation of a Department of Public Instruction in each of the five provinces of Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Punjab and the North Western province.
Universities on the model of the London University be established in big cities such as Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.
English was made the medium of instruction for higher studies.
Vernacular languages (spoken by the common masses) to be promoted at primary level.
At least one government school be opened in every district.
Affiliated private schools should be given grants in aid.
The Indian natives should be given training in their mother tongue also.
Promoted female education on all levels. Promotion and stress on teachers’ training at all levels.
The following developments were reflected post-Charles Wood’s Despatch: Also Read: 126 Important GK Questions from Topics Recently in News
Despatch led to the establishment of the first three universities in 1857, at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
In all provinces, education departments were set up
Bethune School (founded by J.E.D. Bethune) was started for women education
Agriculture Institute at Pusa (Bihar) and an Engineering Institute at Roorkee were started
British India witnessed rapid westernisation of education system with European headmasters and principals in schools and colleges
Private Indian educators appeared
Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856 when Wood's Despatch was introduced. Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse policy. List of Governor General of Bengal.
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