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The failure of the Cripps Mission and the fear of an impending Japanese invasion of India led Mahatma Gandhi to begin his campaign for the British to quit India, also known as the India August Movement or August Kranti.
The Quit India Movement was officially launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) on 9 August 1942. The movement gave the slogans ‘Quit India’ or ‘Bharat Chodo’. Gandhi gave the slogan to the people – ‘Do or die’.
The Wardha Resolution also known as “Quit India Resolution” was passed by the Congress Working Committee on 8 August 1942 in Bombay. The resolution named Mahatma Gandhi as the movement leader and stated the following provisions:
- Immediate end to British rule over India.
- Declaration of the commitment of free India to defend itself against all kinds of imperialism and fascism.
- Formation of a provisional government of India after British withdrawal.
- Sanctioning a civil disobedience movement against British rule.
The British government responded to Quit India Movement, by arresting all major leaders the very next day. Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, etc. were all arrested. The INC was banned and its leaders were jailed for almost the whole of the war
This left the movement in the hands of the younger leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan and Ram Manohar Lohia. New leaders like Aruna Asaf Ali emerged out.
Some parties did not support the movement. There was opposition from the Muslim League, the Communist Party of India (the government revoked the ban on the party then) and the Hindu Mahasabha. C Rajagopalachari, resigned from the INC since he was not in favour of complete independence.
In 1943, as the movement gained further momentum, there were armed attacks on government buildings in Madras and Bengal.
The movement had been suppressed in 1944 due to ruthless use of force.
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