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Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (1483 - 1530)
Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty was born on 14 February 1483 in Fergana Valley in present-day Uzbekistan. He belonged to the Barlas tribe which was Mongol in origin.
His father, Umar Sheikh Mirza was the ruler of the Fergana Valley. Through his father, Babur is a descendant of Timur and through his mother, of Genghis Khan.
When he was 11 years old, his father died and he succeeded as the ruler of the Fergana Valley.
He had an ambition to conquer Samarkand but was not successful. He also lost his own Fergana in the meantime and he had to stay with an uncle at Tashkent in humiliation and poverty.
In 1504, Babur, crossed the Hindu Kush and captured Kabul. He ruled over this new kingdom of his until 1526. He reached Punjab in Pakistan in 1519.
During that time, Delhi and parts of north India were ruled by Ibrahim Lodi. On arriving at Lahore, Babur’s army was routed by Lodi’s.
By 1525, Babur was able to occupy Punjab. Then, he reached Panipat on 20th April 1526. The First Battle of Panipat took place there between the armies of Babur and Lodi.
Babur was able to defeat the army of Lodi and Lodi himself was killed in battle. This ended the Lodi dynasty in Delhi and laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in Delhi.
On March 17, 1527 the Battle of Khanwa was fought between Babur and Rana Sanga, the Rajput ruler of Mewar. The battle was won by Babur.
He was an educated man and this is reflected in his memoirs, Baburnama, written in Chaghatai.
The Babri Masjid in Ayodhya was built on his orders.
Babur died on 26 December 1530 at the age of 47 in Agra. He was buried at Kabul in a garden built by him. Humayun, the eldest of his sons, succeeded him as the emperor.
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