NCERT Notes (Study Material) on important GK topics for the UPSC civil services exam, NDA, CDS, CAPF, AFCAT. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like State Civil Service, SSC, Railway and so on. Check Other NCERT Notes Here
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with the absence of the nucleus and other cell organelles; hence, they are classified as prokaryotic organisms. Some bacteria are good for our bodies - they help keep the digestive system in working order and keep harmful bacteria from moving in. Viruses, smaller than bacteria, aren't even a full cell. They are simply genetic material (DNA or RNA) packaged inside of a protein coating. They need to use another cell's structures to reproduce. This means they can't survive unless they're living inside something else (such as a person, animal, or plant).
MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BACTERIA AND VIRUS
BACTERIA
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VIRUS
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Bacteria are generally larger. Size ranges between 900 – 1000nm
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Viruses are generally smaller. Size ranges between 30-50nm
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Bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide or Peptidoglycan-based cell wall
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The cell wall is absent in viruses. Instead, a capsid (protein coat) is present
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Bacteria are classified as living organisms
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Viruses are neither living nor non-living
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Ribosomes are present in bacteria
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Ribosomes are absent in virus
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Most bacteria can reproduce without a host
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A virus needs a host to complete its reproductive cycle
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Example Diseases: Gastritis, food poisoning, ulcers, meningitis, and pneumonia
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Example Disease: AIDS, common cold, influenza, and chickenpox
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Antibiotics are effective for bacterial infections
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Antiviral drugs are prescribed for viral infections
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Antibiotics: Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus
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Antiviral Drugs: Hepatitis A virus, HIV, Rhinovirus
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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek first observed bacteria in the year 1676, and called them 'animalcules' meaning tiny animal
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