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The desert biome covers about ⅕th (one fifth) of Earth’s surface and ⅓rd (one third) of Earth's land surface. It is a region where evaporation exceeds precipitation. Deserts usually get at most 50 centimeters (20 inches) of rainfall a year, and the organisms that live in deserts are adapted to this extremely dry climate. Deserts are found on all seven continents. The largest desert cities are Cairo in Egypt and Lima in Peru.
Despite the common conceptions of deserts as dry and hot, there are cold deserts as well. Like the Gobi desert in Asia and the desert on the continent of Antarctica. The Antarctic Desert is the largest desert in the world in terms of its size. List of Major Deserts in the World with Important Facts
The four main types of desert include hot and dry deserts, semi-arid deserts, coastal deserts, and cold deserts.
In hot and dry deserts, also known as arid deserts, the temperatures are warm and dry year-round. Some famous arid deserts include the Sahara Desert that covers much of the African continent and the Mojave Desert located in the southwest of the United States.
Semi-arid deserts are a bit cooler than hot and dry deserts. The long, dry summers in semi-arid deserts are followed by winters with some rain. Semi-arid deserts are found in North America, Greenland, Europe, and Asia.
Coastal deserts are a bit more humid than other types of deserts. Although heavy fogs blow in from the coast, rainfall is still rare. The Atacama Desert of Chile in South America is an example of a coastal desert.
Cold deserts are still dry but have extremely low temperatures in comparison to the other types of deserts. The Antarctic is an example of a cold desert.
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